Since 1950 s, many researchers extensively studied these properties in rubber materials. Unfortunately, all these defects are known to influence the rupture properties. Other defects can also be found like metallic oxides inclusions, micro-bubbles or voids. These fillers can form micron sized agglomerates (created by the agglomeration of nanometric sized filler aggregates) in the processed materials, in spite of the efforts made to avoid what is considered as defects or flaws. They contain reinforcing fillers such as carbon black (CB), silica nanoparticles, clay, talc or carbon nanotubes to improve their ultimate, fatigue and/or visco-elastic properties. ![]() In these applications, these materials undergo static or dynamic strain solicitations which reduce their durability. Many applications such as tyres, sealants, and anti-vibration device uses elastomer based materials.
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